Types of Degrees in College: Which One is the Best Fit for You?

College is a time of exploration and discovery; however, when it comes down to choosing what degree to pursue, most students get overwhelmed and scared. Because there are many degree options available, and each has its own unique focus and set of requirements, deciding on a degree is one of the most important decisions you make as a student.

To help navigate your options, this article will provide an overview of the seven most common types of degrees in college, including their general characteristics, required coursework, and potential career paths.

7 Types of Degrees in College

Whether you’re just starting your college journey or considering a change in direction, this guide will help you understand your options and the benefits of these college degrees. Let’s go through the seven types of degrees in college and what they entail.

1. Associate Degree

An associate degree is an undergraduate degree that typically takes two years to complete and is offered by community colleges or technical schools. It is designed to provide students with a broad foundation in a particular field of study, as well as the necessary skills and knowledge to enter the workforce or transfer to a four-year institution.

The general characteristics of an associate degree program include a focus on practical, hands-on learning, smaller class sizes, and more affordable tuition compared to four-year colleges and universities.

Required coursework typically includes general education requirements such as math, science, humanities, and social sciences, as well as specialized courses in the chosen field of study. Some common associate degree programs include:

• Business
• Nursing
• Criminal justice
• Information technology

An associate degree can lead to a wide range of potential career paths depending on the program. For example, graduates of nursing programs can become registered nurses, while those who complete business programs can pursue careers in management, marketing, or entrepreneurship. Graduates of criminal justice programs can find work as police officers, corrections officers, or security guards.

In contrast, graduates of information technology programs can become computer support specialists or web developers. Additionally, an associate degree can serve as a stepping stone for students who wish to pursue further education at a four-year institution, allowing them to transfer credits and complete a bachelor’s degree in less time.

2. Bachelor’s Degree

A bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate degree that takes up to four years to complete and provides students with a comprehensive education in a specific field of stud, preparing them for various career paths.

The bachelor’s degree program includes general education requirements as well as specialized courses in the major field of study. Required coursework varies depending on the program but often includes math, science, English, humanities, and social sciences classes. In addition, students must complete several elective courses to fulfill degree requirements.

Potential career paths for students with a bachelor’s degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as:

• Accountant
• Engineer
• Teacher
• Journalist
• Marketing manager

Many bachelor’s degree programs also provide students with hands-on experience through internships, research projects, or other practical learning opportunities. Obtaining such a degree can serve as a pathway to pursuing higher education, such as a master’s or doctoral degree, which may be required for certain career paths.

3. Graduate Degree

A graduate degree is an advanced level of education that follows the completion of a bachelor’s degree. It includes a greater level of specialization in a particular field of study, smaller class sizes, and a greater emphasis on research and independent study.

Graduate degrees are typically offered by universities and colleges and require a significant commitment of time and effort. The time it takes to complete a graduate degree can vary widely, depending on the program and the student’s course load.

Many programs take one to two years, while others may take three or more years. Graduate degrees often require a significant amount of coursework, including advanced classes in the major field of study, as well as research, thesis, or dissertation requirements and other advanced projects.

Potential career paths for individuals with a graduate degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as:

• Scientist
• Researcher
• Professor
• Administrator in academia
• Administrator in government
• Administrator in the private sector

Some of the most common graduate degrees include a Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Doctor of Education (EdD).

4. Joint Degree

A joint degree program allows students to earn two degrees simultaneously in two fields of study. It includes a combination of coursework from both fields of study and specific requirements that must be met for each degree.

The length of a joint degree program can vary widely, depending on the program and the student’s course load. Many programs take three to five years to complete, while others may take longer.

Joint degree programs often require a significant amount of coursework, including advanced classes in both fields of study, as well as research, thesis or dissertation requirements, and other advanced projects.

Potential career paths for individuals with a joint degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as lawyer-scientist, physician-scientist, or engineer-entrepreneur.

A joint degree can provide individuals with a competitive advantage in the job market, leading to greater earning potential and career advancement opportunities.

5. Master’s Degree

A master’s degree is a postgraduate degree that requires one to two years to finish and is offered by colleges and universities. It is tailored to provide students with advanced knowledge and specialized skills in the specific field. A master’s degree program includes a greater focus on research, independent study, and practical applications of the coursework.

Required coursework for a master’s degree varies depending on the program but often includes advanced classes in the major field of study and research projects or a thesis requirement.

Some master’s degrees also require students to complete an internship or practical learning experience to gain hands-on experience in the field.

Potential career paths for students with a master’s degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as:

• Accountant
• Engineer
• Counselor
• Teacher
• Researcher

6. Doctorate Degree

A doctorate degree, also known as a Ph.D., is the highest academic degree awarded by universities and colleges. It typically takes three to six years to complete and requires a significant amount of independent research and coursework in a specialized field of study.

The general characteristics of a doctorate degree program include a heavy emphasis on research, the development of original ideas and theories, and the ability to present and defend those ideas to peers in the field.

Required coursework for a doctorate degree program is typically more specialized and focused than a master’s degree program. Students must take advanced courses in their chosen field of study and complete a research project or dissertation.

The dissertation is an original research project that significantly contributes to the field of study and requires a great deal of independent work.

Potential career paths for individuals with a doctorate degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as:

• University professor
• Researcher
• Scientist, or executive in government or private sector organizations

A doctorate degree can also lead to opportunities for consulting or entrepreneurship in a specialized field.

7. Professional Degree

A professional degree is a specialized degree that prepares individuals for specific professions, such as medicine, law, or education. These degrees typically require extensive coursework in the field of study and practical experience through internships or clinical rotations.

The professional degree program includes a focus on theoretical and practical knowledge and preparation for licensure or certification in the field. Required coursework for a professional degree varies depending on the program but often includes advanced classes in the major field of study, as well as hands-on experience through internships, clinical rotations, or student teaching. In addition, many programs require students to pass a licensure or certification exam to practice in their field.

The time it takes to complete a professional degree varies depending on the program but often ranges from three to seven years. For example, medical school typically takes four years to complete, followed by a residency program ranging from three to seven years.

Potential career paths for students with a professional degree vary depending on the program but include positions such as:

• Doctor
• Lawyer
• Teacher
• Engineer

Professional degree holders can work in related fields, such as healthcare administration, public policy, or research.

The Bottom Line

Pursuing a college degree can lead to a wide range of career opportunities and higher earning potential. Seven degrees are available at the college level, each with unique characteristics, required coursework, and potential career paths.

Choosing the right degree program can depend on your interests, career goals, and time constraints. Regardless of the chosen degree program, pursuing higher education is an investment in your future that can lead to personal and professional growth.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the difference in length between an Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate degree?

An Associate’s degree typically takes two years to complete and is often offered by community colleges. Bachelor’s degrees usually take four years and are offered by colleges and universities. Master’s degrees typically require an additional one to two years of study beyond a Bachelor’s degree. Doctorate degrees (Ph.D. or equivalent) can take several more years beyond a Master’s and focus on advanced research in a specific field.

What is the significance of each degree in terms of career opportunities?

An Associate’s degree can qualify you for entry-level positions in certain fields or serve as a foundation for further education. A Bachelor’s degree is often a minimum requirement for many professional careers. Master’s degrees can lead to higher-paying positions and specialized roles, while Doctorate degrees are usually required for academia, research, or advanced professional positions.

What are some examples of specialized Bachelor’s degrees?

Bachelor of Arts (BA) degrees often focus on humanities, social sciences, or liberal arts disciplines. Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees typically concentrate on scientific, technical, or professional fields. Other examples include Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng), and Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA).

What is the difference between undergraduate and graduate degrees?

Undergraduate degrees (Associate’s and Bachelor’s) are typically the first level of college education, focusing on foundational knowledge in various subjects. Graduate degrees (Master’s and Doctorate) are more specialized, requiring deeper study and often focusing on research or professional practice within a specific field.

What are professional degrees, and how do they differ from academic degrees?

Professional degrees, such as JD (Juris Doctor), MD (Doctor of Medicine), or MBA (Master of Business Administration), are designed to prepare students for specific careers or professions. They often emphasize practical skills and knowledge relevant to a particular industry or field, whereas academic degrees tend to have a broader focus on theoretical knowledge and research.

Can I pursue multiple degrees simultaneously?

Pursuing multiple degrees simultaneously is possible, but due to the increased workload, it requires careful planning and time management. Some students pursue double majors or combined Bachelor’s and Master’s programs, while others may pursue dual-degree programs that award two distinct degrees upon completion.

What is the difference between a terminal degree and a non-terminal degree?

A terminal degree is the highest degree available in a particular field and is often required for certain professions or academic positions. Examples include the Doctor of Medicine (MD) for physicians or the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) for researchers. Non-terminal degrees are lower-level degrees that serve as stepping stones toward a terminal degree or as qualifications for entry-level positions in the workforce.